The largest volcanic eruption since Krakatoa (that the MSM barely mentioned) – Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai – likely blew off its top because of a massive build-up of gas pressure
A few weeks ago, a research study was published that delved deeper into the cause of the massive eruption here:
The 15 January 2022 Hunga (Tonga) eruption: A gas-driven climactic explosion - ScienceDirect
“Highlights
· New evidence-based model for climactic 15 January 2022 Hunga (Tonga) eruption.
· Gas-solid reactions choke magmatic gas discharge, internal gas pressure increases.
· Hydraulic failure triggers run-away compressed gas explosion, atmospheric air blast and tsunami.
· Gas expansion excavates 850 m deep, 6.3 km3 crater and 58 km high Plinean ash plume.
· Gas-driven hydraulic failure model also applies to oceanic and subaerial eruptions.
The team at Live Science covered the story here:
There is a terrific NASA Earth Observatory video embedded in the article:
“Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, an underwater volcano in the South Pacific Ocean, erupted on Jan. 15, 2022, unleashing the most intense lightning storm ever recorded and the first known mega-tsunami since antiquity. Previous research indicated that the underwater eruption was fueled by two merging magma chambers, but exactly what sparked the blast has remained unclear.
The Tonga eruption — which may have been even more powerful than the 1883 Krakatoa eruption — fed itself by exploding away ever-deeper layers of rock and releasing ever-higher-pressure gas, entering a runaway, "supercritical" state, the researchers noted in the study. The eruption eventually subsided as the gas reservoir emptied and seawater flooded into the gaping crater. “
First known mega tsunami since antiquity!
Here’s some blurb on Krakatoa:
Krakatau's 1883 explosion caused years of climate chaos (qz.com)
“… aerosols emitted into the atmosphere by the blast led global air temperatures to drop by as much as 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius). According to a 2006 article in the journal Nature, the volcano caused oceans to cool for as much as a century, offsetting the effect of human activity on ocean temperatures. If the volcano had not erupted, the authors argue, our sea levels might be much higher than they are today.”
How does Hunga Tonga compare? From the Live Science article:
“The energy amassed underground was so great that it propelled an ash cloud 36 miles (58 kilometers) into the sky and blew out a crater 2,800 feet (850 meters) deep and 1.2 to 1.8 miles (2 to 3 km) wide.”
I wonder how much acid rain was created.
"It is now well established that fast reactions occur between the [sulfur dioxide] and [hydrogen chloride] contents of magmatic gases to produce minerals including anhydrite, quartz and sulfides as they expand from source to surface,"
SO2 + H2O = H2SO3 – Sulphurous Acid. (but not sulphuric acid H2SO4?)
HCl + H2O.= [H3O]+ and chloride anions Cl
HCl combine to form hydronium cations [H3O]+ Upon contact, H2O and HCl combine to form hydronium cations called hydrochloric acid. Alkali needed to turn that back into salt plus water!?!
Water vapor is the most significant greenhouse gas, far more significant for the climate than the CO2 or N2O that the climate fraudsters keep blathering about. Anyone seen any work done of acid rain falling in areas of the earth – maybe most of it comes down in the 70% of the “Earth” that is water. (Side note – funny how we call the planet “Earth” instead of “Ocean”).
The island of Tonga was hit pretty hard:
“SUVA, February 14, 2022 — The Tonga Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcanic eruption, tsunami and ashfall has caused an estimated US$90.4M (TOP 208 million) in damages – the equivalent of approximately 18.5% of Tonga’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – a World Bank assessment for the Government of Tonga has found.”
Almost a fifth of GDP – which would be the equivalent of almost 7 trillion bucks if US GDP was compared.
The tsunami that took out the Fukushima nuclear plant in March 2011 impacted coastlines thousands of miles away from Africa to India and beyond. This one probably was an airborne tsunami that contributed to heat waves all over the planet in 2022 and is still impacting weather patterns globally.
Wouldn’t it be nice if there was some sort of panel of experts at the global level who could provide an analysis of its impact. Oh wait, there is one, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and its billions of research dollars spent on perpetuating the chicken littles in the Cult of Moloch about anthropogenic global warming – with the Portuguese communist heading up the UN claiming, “the oceans are boiling”.
Maybe the blow-off of Hunga Tonga caused increases in masses of clouds that will not dissipate in a few years but not until they have “dampened” wind patterns and blocked a lot of the sun – not good for wind turbines and solar panels!.
Onwards!!!
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One word to fix … near the bottom: sun, not sum …
Climate alarmism is a Leftist hoax. Defeat any argument with this: current atmospheric CO2 is 460 ppm
Ideal CO2 is 1000 ppm
Extinction level CO2 is 150 ppm